Map the Research Design Used by Donatos for New Product...

Business Research Methods Case Analysis INTRODUCTION For this project youre going to read the Donatos: Finding the New Pizza (Attached) case and answer the discussion questions. Discussion questions: 1. Map the research design used by Donato’s for new product development. 2. Evaluate the Wassup meetings as an exploratory methodology to help define the research question. 3. Evaluate the test marked Donatos used. What were its advantages and disadvantages? 4. What measurement scales would you have used on the survey that was part of the in-restaurant product tests? Writing Guidelines †¢ Read the assignment carefully and answer each question. †¢ Be specific. Limit your submission to the questions asked and issues†¦show more content†¦Do you use the No Carb or Low Carb banner as did many new food entries in the latter months of2003, or do you choose a name in keeping with your positioning? We toyed with almost 70 names. Some were clever, like NADA pizza, even Not-A-Pizza, and we put several through trademark search. Finally, we put three names to the test using a weekend omnibus phone survey. No Dough ® was the winner for clarity of message and understanding of the low-carb benefits. All this time Donatos was watching the calendar. By December 22 it was testing the new product in two stores in Columbus. Ads proclaiming the new No Dough ® pizza were featured in restaurant windows of the test stores. Starting January 2, we usually see a 25% increase in salad sales, described Krouse. Not surprising, given that for years losing weight has been one of Americans top-three New Years resolutions. And we wanted to own the idea of a crust-free pizza; we saw it as a significant marketing advantage. So a new product development process that routinely takes 12 to 14 months took just 61z months-to take advantage of what Donatos saw as a very important strategic window. On January 19, Donatos rolled its No Dough ® pizza into all its 184 stores. We like to think of ourselves as a smart speed organization, explained Krouse. We have the discipline to make fact-based decisions but move quickly. When you order a Donatos pizza, No Dough ® is one of three crustShow MoreRelatedMap the Research Design Used by Donatos for New Product Development1718 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness Research Methods Case Analysis INTRODUCTION For this project youre going to read the Donatos: Finding the New Pizza (Attached) case and answer the discussion questions. Discussion questions: 1. Map the research design used by Donato’s for new product development. 2. Evaluate the Wassup meetings as an exploratory methodology to help define the research question. 3. Evaluate the test marked Donatos used. What were its advantages and disadvantages? 4. What measurementRead MoreDonatos Pizza Case Study622 Words   |  3 Pages1 Map the research design used by Donato’s for new product development. A: Idea development Developing the product prototype : Donato’s used employee taste testing to know what customers preferences are and develops the new product Taste testing(by employee) : Is done with the organisation Displaying Photographs of food products: Displaying sample pictures of the recent developed food Uniqueness: Developing a unique product which reaches the customers attention. Brand fit and priceRead MoreEssay about Donatos Pizza Case Study681 Words   |  3 Pages1 Map the research design used by Donato’s for new product development. Final Design Final Product specifications completed Final Design Final Product specifications completed Preliminary Testing Product prototypes built, tested and refined Preliminary Testing Product prototypes built, tested and refined Product Screening Product idea evaluated;Need to consider operations, marketing and financial requirements Product Screening Product idea evaluated;Need to consider operations, marketingRead MoreDonatos Pizza Case Study1272 Words   |  6 Pagesdetail the method for formulating the research question discussed in Chapter 5. Evaluate fully the wassup meetings as an exploratory methodology to help define the research question. On our course website I posted a video clip of a Donatos commercial. Indicate the unique selling proposition communicated in the commercial and briefly mention your opinion regarding the effectiveness of the commercial. 100 word minimum Donato s Pizza uses the exploratory research to implement the stages of necessary

“Enduring Love” How appropriate is the title of the novel Free Essays

At first glance, â€Å"Enduring Love† may seem a simple title for a novel, not one that invokes serious thought for the reader. Although we expect a story of love, we are presented with a much more complicated array of events revolving around three people, all with their own version of â€Å"Enduring Love†. Ultimately the story revolves around the somewhat content relationship between Joe Rose, an accomplished and well-respected science writer and his partner Clarissa Mellon, a Keats scholar and university lecturer that is until the intrusion by Jed Parry. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Enduring Love†: How appropriate is the title of the novel? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Brought together by a ballooning accident, Joe and Jed momentarily exchange words, but this moment is the catalyst for a fixation by the younger man, Jed Parry, for the protagonist of the story, Joe Rose. Clarissa also witnesses the accident but she, like Joe, misses the moment that spawns the obsession, which rips their lives apart and in due course, breaks apart their relationship. There are two types of love themes running through this novel, one of obsession and one of pure love. The one of obsession is obviously the love Jed feels for Joe and the pure love is that of Clarissa and Joe. As Jed becomes more and more fixated on Joe, Joes relationship with Clarissa increasingly dwindles until the point where they call it a day and end their relationship. Early on in the novel Joe says â€Å"Lately I’d had the idea that Clarissa’s interest in these hypothetical letters [of Keats] had something to do with our own situation, and with her conviction that love that did not find its expression in a letter was not perfect. Every word of this comes true but not in a way Joe had first believed. The title and the events throughout the novel rouse questions on love itself, how to define love, the nature of love, obsession, sanity and insanity. It is very difficult to decipher between love and obsession. If we look at the love Jed feels for Joe, its zealous, crazy and passionate but we could also argue that the love between Joe and Clarissa is all of these things too. So, where do you draw the line? Enduring Love tells the story of a love that is endured and of a story that endures (Joe and Clarissa). It challenges what is defined as a normal relationship and a love that is pathological. We later find out that indeed Joe and Clarissa relationship did endure the intense strain and disturbing fascination of Jed Parry as they are later reunited and go on to adopt a child, so in this sense the title is very appropriate to the novel. There are also a number of other occurrences of love to be endured throughout the novel. There is the story of Jean Logan and her frustration and also obsession at her attempts to uncover her dead husbands secret affair. She turns to Joe for help to find this mystery woman who has caused her so much pain. In this modest sub plot of the novel, it is later proven that John Logan was in fact not having an affair, that is was all an innocent mistake. So all along Jean had been cursing her dead husband, whom she had loved so much. This is another love that needs to endure as Jean seeks forgiveness but she will never truly get that forgiveness as her only hope lies in a grave. Will their love be strong enough to endure this doubting on Jeans part, even if one partner is beyond the grave? It is important to note that seeing Jeans agony and grief over her dead husband, made Joe realise just how much he really loved Clarissa. Joe says, â€Å"It was urgent that I return to London and save our love†. He also realises â€Å"when it’s gone you’ll know what a gift love was†. A relationship that did not endure their love was that of Clarissa’s brother Luke and his wife. Joe calls Luke the â€Å"adulterous brother† and we learn that they are going through a divorce. After this meeting with her brother, Clarissa is evidently anxious as the first thing she says to Joe â€Å"I love you and I’ve had such a terrible evening with Luke. We discover that Luke is leaving his beautiful wife and two daughters for an actress whom he had met three months before. Clearly Luke is not prepared to give the commitment pure love requires and sees fit to go live in a room over a hairdressers, with this new woman. This relationship provides a stark contrast to Joe and Clarissa’s love as it highlights just how deeply in love Joe and Clarissa truly are. Now this new love shall be tested, will their love endure? Once again this is relevant to the title of the novel. The most explicable interpretation of the title of this novel would have to be of Joe enduring Jed’s pathological love. Jed Parry’s strange homo-erotic religious obsession with Joe in turn leads Joe to almost breaking point. So in this sense Joe is enduring Jed’s love, yet this love Jed feels for Joe will never end. We learn that from the appendices, Jed, whilst in a secure mental hospital still writes letters to Joe everyday. The letter we are shown demonstrates that Jed’s love is just as strong and passionate as ever. I believe that at the conclusion of the novel, Joe has indeed endured Jed’s love as he has survived the bombardment of phone calls, eccentric letters, incessant stalking, an assassination attempt and total intrusion of his private life. The style and techniques implored by Mc Ewan provide us with an engrossing, swift novel, and his unpredictable style further enhances the chilling factor that plays a part in this novel. His style can be deemed as moderately complicated, for example chapter nine when he narrates the chapter from Clarissa’s perspective, yet I believe his style is somewhat simple. Joe, being the average science writer not overly interesting or riveting, would initially have been a quite boring protagonist until the obsession begins, that is Joes obsession. In watching Joe become obsessed with being obsessed, whilst everyone else doubts him, this is where the entertainment lays. His techniques of writing make us truly question love and how much love a person can really endure. Jed is prepared to endure Joe’s love with his continuity of writing letters and constant thinking and obsessing over Joe. Yet Joe was not prepared to endure this love and in order to end it, he purchased a gun. Clarissa at first was not prepared to endure the love yet she had to endure both her love for Joe and Jed’s love for Joe. But we later find out Joe and Clarissa are reconciled. In conclusion, I believe the title â€Å"Enduring Love† is a very appropriate for this novel, not instantly recognisable as a great title but at the closing stages of the novel, it becomes vividly apparent just how satisfying it truly is. How to cite â€Å"Enduring Love†: How appropriate is the title of the novel?, Papers

Case Study of Clipper Bay Tourism System

Question: Discuss about theTourism Systemfor Case Study of Clipper Bay. Answer: Introduction: Clipper Bay is a small place located at the tip of a peninsula. The economy of the town is based on the abundant supply from the marine life by the means of fishing and other related businesses. The town has a unique feature of the presence of limestone caves with numerous rocks forming pools inside. The land is unfertile and does not support any agriculture and thus, the economic activity remains confined within the tourism activity only (Phua, Berkowitz Gagermeier, 2012). The coastal roads and a highway built across the road presents an inland accessibility to reach the nearby hills. This facilitates the connection between the land, sea and the hills. In fact, recent approaches towards building better roads and communication networks will increase the opportunity of accessibility to different locations. The region also has its unique cuisine to offer to people visiting the place. The food items are basically confined to fish and other sea foods. The women folk are not only highly skilled in cooking but in weaving as well (Henderson, 2014). Each summer, people mark the time as the beginning of fishing season. This festival is characterised by the customary and heritage linked religious and cultural rituals accompanies by a one week long feast. These are some of the important features that can be regarded as important features to attract tourists to the region. The aim of the report is to develop the economy of the place in a sustainable manner by understanding the socio-cultural and the environmental elements of the region. The aim of the report is to find the best possible way to create an economic activity for the particular region on the budget give for the improvement of Clipper Bay. Suitable Economic Activity for Clipper Bay: In order to boost the economy of the region, tourism can be the best possible option for the particular region. In the view point of Fodness, (2016), tourism depends on a number of factors that influences the particular region. These factors include location of the place, climate of the region, availability of a number of resources like food and water. It can be said that Clipper Bay is an ideal region for tourism because some of the beneficial factors that support the tourism activities are available in the particular region. The region is populated with local people of the region who can act as good guide for the tourists (Hardy et al., 2014). In fact, the people of the region celebrate unique festivals that could be one more reason to attract tourist at that particular time. In addition to these facts, it has been found that the region has infertile soil that does not support any kind of vegetation or farming activity. Therefore, it is suggested that tourism activity is the best s uitable activity of this region. Sustainability Approach of Tourism: Idea of tourism is no longer confined to visiting places and enjoying the moment, but tourism has become an important means of evaluating places (Lee, 2013). Sustainability is one of the major approaches that have been gaining importance in shaping the economy of a region. Sustainable tourism is the concept of visiting a place and creating a positive impact on the environment and the economy. Tourism activities have been greatly influenced by the sustainability approach of the environment. Therefore, any activity carried on keeping this perspective in mind will help to prosper the economy. Idea of developing ecotourism: Ecotourism can be developed at Clipper Bay. As stated by Edgell Sr, (2016), that ecological issues have been integrated in the tourism activities. Tourism related areas that are near nature have greater scope of developing ecotourism activities. As it has been observed that Clipper Bay is located at a confluence of sea and mountain, there is a great scope of developing ecotourism at Clipper Bay. Coastal and Mountain sustainable tourism: As pointed out by Waligo, Clarke Hawkins, (2013), coastal environment are often first to experience detrimental effect in the environment. Therefore, it is important to invest into tourism activities to make sustainable approach. Mountain tourism attracts many mountaineers. Places like Mount Everest in Nepal, Tibet are famous because of the presence of mountain there. Mountain tourism is the primary activity of these regions (Ta?nase et al., 2013). Comparative Advantage of the Place: Fletcher et al. (2013) stated that it is by the use of competitiveness and the availability of certain resources at a particular region, a level of competitive advantage becomes evident. Competitive advantage of tourism of a place depends on the availability of resources, quality of infrastructure and the ability of the place to deal with sustainability. Some factors that add comparative advantage to Clipper Bay can be discussed here: Availability of labour: It has been observed that the people at Clipper Bay are not engaged in any kind of other forms of economic activities. In fact, three generations of people are depended on the regular activities that are carried on in the region (Mason, 2015). Therefore, there is a good scope of the availability of labour for tourism activities at Clipper Bay. The tourism activity is definitely going to improve the local ob opportunity and economic condition of the people in the region. Easy access to the available resources: Basic resources required for attracting tourists makes the tourism activity easy for the particular place. As pointed out by Korstanje, (2014), that tourism is developed in those places where there is the availability of scenic beauty. Other resources like food or water are also available that would supply the necessary things to the visitors or tourists. The region has an abundant supply of marine products like fish and other sea food items that can meet the food expectation level of the people easily (Szytniewski, Spierings van der Velde, 2016). Availability of natural attractions: It is been found that Clipper Bay has the location where both sea and mountain are available. Therefore, the region can attract tourists of both the categories who like to visit the mountain or the sea (Board, 2013). These are the major attractive things that this place has this could be the best possible reason to gain comparative advantage over other regions. Economic Aspect of Tourism: Economic advantage of tourism activities: Tourism can bring great advantage to the economy of a region. Tourism gives job opportunities to the people of the place and thus, provides a significant generation of income to the economy of the country. In addition to this, tourism also increases the business activities of the local hotels, shops and restaurants as well. Henderson, (2014) pointed out that tourism gives an opportunity to the particular region to show itself and increase the profile of the particular place. Therefore, the place becomes evident globally that can attract more tourists to the particular region. Another important advantage of tourism has been pointed out by Board, (2014), that if the particular place is liked by the visitors, then it is seen that they praise about the place that automatically increases the popularity of the place and increases the tourism activity of the place. Economic disadvantage of tourism: Tourism activities also show a number of disadvantages as well. Te most common detrimental effect of tourism is the damage that is caused due to increased level of pollution. Ill behaves activities of tourists cause major damage to nature and the place. It might also result in damage of heritage and culture of the region. An important thing has been pointed out by Getz (2013), that tourism is mainly seasonal and does not support a constant flow of economy for the region. Sometimes, the money earned from the tourism activities is ultimately used to improve the situation for more tourists. Thus, there does not remain any kind of balance to be served for the benefits of the country or the region (Warnick, Bojanic Cartier, 2016). Again, the hotels and restaurants that are owned by foreign companies when benefitted do not add any kind of advantage to the economy of the country. Multiplier effect theory: According to the multiplier theory, with the injection of new demand in the circular flow of business activities, the economy of the particular places shows a multiplier effect. By the multiplier effect it means to create extra income. This income will perhaps boost the spending capability of an individual. Again, it has been pointed out that someones spending is actually the income of other (Webster Ivanov, 2014). Multiplier effect in open economy is higher. A part of the marginal propensity is usually deposited to the government as well. This concept is used in any situation where something new is injected in the industry (Dincer, Dincer Ustaoglu, 2015). It has been observed that a budget of $50 million has been provided for revitalization of the local economy at Clipper Bay. Therefore, it is expected that with the budget provided for the improvement of the locality, it shall bring prosperity to the place. Another important point can be mentioned here that the place does not depend on any particular season or time and thus, it opens the opportunity for tourism throughout the entire year of time. Therefore, there is a great opportunity of regular flow of income that will ultimately help in prosperity of the economy of the place. Balance of payment: Balance of payment is the record of the economic transaction between the residents of the country and rest of the world. As stated by Jules-Rosette, (2013), these transactions are made by individuals, business firms or government bodies. Balance of payment actually provides detailed information of the demand and supply of the currency of the particular country. It is expected that if the complete tourism activity is carried on keeping the needs and the demands of the people, there is a good return of the payment (Boley, Magnini Tuten, 2013). It can be estimated that at least the return of the balance will be double of the investment. Advantage of increased employment: With the increasing aspect of the tourism activities at the particular region of Clipper Bay, it can be assumed that the existing people will participate in the tourism activities that will automatically increase the employment opportunity of the people in that region. With the increase in the employment opportunity, there will be increase in the GDP of the country. Another important factor has been pointed out by Warnick, Bojanic and Cartier, (2016), that when people from other countries having greater denomination value spends in countries that does not have higher value of money, then the host country gets benefitted from the value of money. Therefore, if people spend in dollars and euros then the value of return automatically increases by many folds (Getz, 2013). Impact of FDI and entrepreneurship: There should be the scope and opportunity for foreign direct investment into the tourism activity at the Clipper Bay. When a certain amount of investment is allocated to the particular region for further improvement in the activity, there lays greater possibility of betterment in the situation. In fact, there are many cases when major business men take the opportunity of carrying out entrepreneurship by considering tourism as a means of business activity (Dincer, Dincer Ustaoglu, 2015). Therefore, it can be said that some part of the tourism activities can be considered as a part of entrepreneurship. This way, in order to increase the profitability of the business, the business person will focus on the business and the process will be conducted in a more profitable manner. Analysis of Socio-Cultural Aspect of Tourism: Advantage and disadvantage of socio-cultural aspect of tourism: As opined by Ta?nase et al. (2013), that at times tourism activities turn the local culture into commoditisation that results in reconstruction of ethnicity of the region. It has been observed that Clipper Bay has a group of ethnic people who have their own identity. In case, if the region is turned into a tourism spot, there is a great possibility that the region will lost its relevance. Preservation of heritage: Sustainability approach of tourism also requires preservation of the heritage. It is important to preserve the heritage of the place by taking care of the monuments and other things that are available in the particular region (Fletcher et al., 2013). Generation of interest in local art and craft: There are no such evidences of local art and craft in the region of Clipper Bay. The region is has a good infrastructure of natural beauty that can attract tourists to this place. Cross-cultural impact: It has been observed that the region is populated with people belonging to cross culture. This factor promotes diversity in the region and attracts more tourists from different parts of the world (Szytniewski, Spierings van der Velde, 2016). Therefore, there is a better chance of better tourism activities in the region. Cross cultural impact as attracted man tourists from many regions of the world. Singapore is a place of tourist hub where tourists from different parts of the world like China, India, US and other European countries as well (Warnick, Bojanic and Cartier, 2016). Therefore, there is a better opportunity for the Clipper Bay to attract more tourists. Demonstration effect: An individuals effect on behaviour that is caused by the action and observation of the behaviour of an individual. When a person goes for tourism, the person experiences a number of activities (Ta?nase et al., 2013). These effects often result in the demonstration of various factors of that region. These factors might include the governmental policies or other success or failure of the place. Conclusion: It has been observed that ecotourism can stimulate economic development and social welfare of the citizens as well as the region. In order to develop a community based tourism, local employment and diversification of the economic activities of the people in the region is needed. Again, with the involvement of FDI and entrepreneurship the scope of tourism can be increased. It has been observed that the place has a natural beauty of both sea and mountain. Therefore, the region can attract more number of people. The multiplier effect of tourism has showed evidence that the investment made on the tourism activities on the Clipper Bay is sure to multiply its income and increase the profitability of the region. It has been suggested that the tourism activity should follow the sustainability of environment and the region. It is very important to preserve the nature and the natural resources that are available at the place. Profitability should not be the only means of tourism but there should be some aspect of keeping the environment safe. There are a number of comparative advantages that the region has that is helpful for creating a better environment for the purpose of tourism. It now depends on the people of the place to take advantage of the available resources and improve the tourism activities of the place. Reference List: Board, S. T. (2013). Annual report on tourism statistics 2012. Board, S. T. (2014). International Visitor Arrivals Statistics. Boley, B. B., Magnini, V. P., Tuten, T. L. (2013). Social media picture posting and souvenir purchasing behavior: Some initial findings.Tourism Management,37, 27-30. Dincer, M. Z., Dincer, F. I., Ustaoglu, M. (2015). Reel Effective Exchange Rate Volatilities Impact on Tourism Sector in Turkey: An Empirical Analysis of 2003-2014.Procedia Economics and Finance,23, 1000-1008. Edgell Sr, D. L. (2016).Managing sustainable tourism: a legacy for the future. Routledge. Fletcher, J., Fyall, A., Gilbert, D., Wanhill, S. (2013).Tourism: principles and practice. Pearson Higher Ed. Fodness, D. (2016). The problematic nature of sustainable tourism: some implications for planners and managers.Current Issues in Tourism, 1-13. Getz, D. (2013).Event tourism: concepts, international case studies, and research. Cognizant Communication Corporation. Hardy, A., Pearson, L., Davidson, P., Kriwoken, L. (2014). Social Analysis of Sustainable Tourism Development as a Contributor to the Economic Development of Tasmania. Henderson, J. C. (2014). Tourism and development in Singapore.Tourism as an Instrument for Development, 169-181. Jules-Rosette, B. (2013).The messages of tourist art: An African semiotic system in comparative perspective(Vol. 4). Springer Science Business Media. Korstanje, M. E. (2014). Alternative Tourism: Socio-Cultural Impacts. Lee, T. H. (2013). Influence analysis of community resident support for sustainable tourism development.Tourism Management,34, 37-46. Mason, P. (2015).Tourism impacts, planning and management. Routledge. Phua, V. C., Berkowitz, D., Gagermeier, M. (2012). Promoting multicultural tourism in Singapore.Annals of Tourism Research,39(2), 1255-1257. Szytniewski, B. B., Spierings, B., van der Velde, M. (2016). Socio-cultural proximity, daily life and shopping tourism in the DutchGerman border region.Tourism Geographies, 1-15. Ta?nase, M. O., Nicodim, L., Talaba?, I., Haller, A. P., Gatan, D., Ungureanu, D. (2013). Socio-cultural impacts of tourism. In15th International Conference" Romanian rural tourism in the context of sustainable development: present and prospects", Vatra Dornei, Romania, 23-25 May 2013.(pp. 92-96). "Gh. Zane" Institute of Economic and Social Research, Ias?i Branch of Romanian Academy. Waligo, V. M., Clarke, J., Hawkins, R. (2013). Implementing sustainable tourism: A multi-stakeholder involvement management framework.Tourism Management,36, 342-353. Warnick, R. B., Bojanic, D. C., Cartier, E. (2016). A Comparison of Economic Impact Measurement Techniques for a Tourism Special Event.Journal of Travel Research, 0047287516643412. Webster, C., Ivanov, S. (2014). Transforming competitiveness into economic benefits: Does tourism stimulate economic growth in more competitive destinations?.Tourism Management,40, 137-140.

Influences on the Philippines free essay sample

Although some may have had a longer lasting impact on the Philippines each one helped create the Philippines to what it is today. India has influenced the Philippines in all aspects of life, from writing, music, and language to even religion. Because of the high trade between India and the Philippines India was able to have a huge impact on the Philippines. Some religion that can be seen from Indian influence is Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam. This can be seen in the most southern island, Mindanao. Some Tagalog words are even Indian influenced, such as mukha (face), putong (turban), and guro (teacher). Just like India the Chinese have also left a mark in the language but that is not what they are most known for. The Chinese has left many different types of food in the Philippines that are now in the every day lives of Filipinos. Some famous Filipino dishes that are Chinese influenced are pancit, lumpia, and lechon. We will write a custom essay sample on Influences on the Philippines or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some chinese influenced words are susi (key), pinto (door), and kuya (older brother). Some very important influences from the Chinese that as help revolutionize the Philippines is the use of metal and gunpowder. It would then help give Philippines the power to defend itself later on. Probably the most influential group of people would be the Spaniards, which was during the colonization of the Philippines by the Spaniards. Even the name of the Philippines was given by the Spaniards, which was named after the king of Spain Philip II. Going along with naming, a lot of surnames of Filipinos are Spanish influenced as well. Religion probably had the biggest impact on the Philippines because the majority of Filipinos are Roman Catholic. Filipinos follow Hispanic traditions when it comes to religion and some festivals are also Spanish influenced. Just like the Chinese and the Indians the Spanish also had an impact on the language of the Philippines. The language of the Philippines is a melting pot in itself because of the different words derived from other languages. Last but not least the Americans also left a mark on the Philippines during the wars. The Jeepney is a popular form of transportation and can be seen all over the Philippines. After World War II there were many military standard jeeps that were left behind in the Philippines. As innovative as Filipinos are they used the jeeps to their advantage and thus created the Jeepney. English is probably the second most spoken language in the Philippines. An English speaker would not have any problem trying to make their way through the Philippines. The Philippines continues to grow in itself with the everlasting influences of the many countries that came to the Philippines.

Mercy Otis Warren nd theAmerican REvolution essays

Mercy Otis Warren nd theAmerican REvolution essays a. A Womans Dilemma: Mercy Otis Warren and the American Revolution was written by Rosemarie Zagarri. She is an Associate Professor of History at George Mason University. She received her Ph.D. from Yale University. Zagarri has also written another book titled The Politics of Size: Representation in the United States, 1776-1850. Along with this, she was the editor of David Humphreys Life of General Washington, b. A Womans Dilemma: Mercy Otis Warren and the American Revolution is about a women, Mercy Otis Warren, that is well educated, into politics, and loves to write literature. The problem is that this is not acceptable behavior for women in this time. Mercys family was very rich, educated, and important in politics. Her brother James, her dad, and her uncle educated as well as stood by her vast interest for politics even though she was a woman. Mercy thought that in many ways, women should have part in politics as well as men. When she had an opinion that she wanted to share, Mercy would write poems or plays in the newspaper under anonymous. Towards the end, after writing many pieces of literature, Mercy Otis Warren exposes herself. Women then started to share many works of literature in politics. c. Despite being a woman, Mercy Otis Warren was as influential as any male in d. Throughout her life, Mercy maintained relationships with many of the famous political leaders in America at the time. She earned the respect and admiration of such famous figures as George Washington and Alexander Hamilton. However, no relationship was as close as the one she had with John Adams. She began a relationship with Johns well known wife, Abagail Adams. She had originally intended to use Abagail to get to John. That is, to share her beliefs and ideas with him about the political scene and about Great Britain. Despite this, she actually did ...

College Essays vs. Scholarship Essays: 4 Key Differences

Applying to college is a huge amount of work. On top of that, you may be applying for scholarships to help ease the financial burden of your tuition and other expenses. Many scholarship applications require essays—and these are in addition to the essays you’re already writing for your college applications. So, what’s the difference? Can you use the same essay or parts of it for both purposes? Read on to find out. College essays help adcoms get a sense of students’ personalities. They want to see whether you’re a good fit with their institution and student body and what you will contribute. That’s why tone is so important—you need to convey that you’ll mesh well with the school and understand what that means. Find out more in What Is a College Personal Statement? . Meanwhile, scholarship committees are looking for students who stand for the interests of the organization and will represent it well. These organizations often align with and support particular talents, industries, demographics, or causes, so the students to whom they award scholarships must embody these ideals as well. For example, there are scholarships for first-generation students , Hispanic/Latino students , and STEM scholars . Your essay must demonstrate that you believe in the mission the organization represents. Many colleges use the Common or Coalition applications, and their prompts are often very broad. You’ll also have a choice of topic. Many colleges also have school-specific supplemental essays , whose topics can be a bit more narrow, such as asking you why you want to attend that particular school . Scholarship prompts tend to be more specific and focused on the organization and its mission. For example, Digital Responsibility’s Don’t Text and Drive Scholarship asks you to complete the statement â€Å" I pledge to not text and drive because†¦ † in 140 characters. Since college essays are about you and how you’ll fit in at the school, you’ll need to do some brainstorming to generate broad ideas around which to center your statement. Check out Where to Begin: 3 Personal Essay Brainstorming Exercises for ideas. For scholarship essays, you want to demonstrate that you agree with the company philosophy. That means you need to do some research to understand what that philosophy is and incorporate the organization’s ideals. Often, you can find out a lot by simply browsing the organization’s website and social media accounts and finding stories and examples of current and past projects. College essays tend to be on the longer side. The Common App has a 650-word maximum for its main essay, while the Coalition Application allows 300-550 words. Scholarship essays tend to be shorter, usually under 500 words. Sometimes the essays are even shorter still, as with the Don’t Text and Drive example. And, of course, some scholarships don’t require essays at all. Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Both your college essays and scholarship essays should represent you and what you stand for. Even though scholarship essays are usually about a cause that the organization sponsoring the award supports, if you’re applying for it, you should believe in that cause as well. Of course, it goes without saying that you should be the one actually writing the essays as well. Your essays need to be well-written. You should make use of rhetorical devices and other language tools, as well as follow grammatical rules . Make sure to read over all your essays and get second opinions. At the end of the day, both adcoms and scholarship committees want to get to know you through your writing. Taking care to understand the institution or organization and truly representing your authentic self will come through, so put in the effort. It really counts! Looking for help with your college applications? Check out our College Application Guidance Program . When you sign up for our program, we carefully pair you with the perfect admissions specialist based on your current academic and extracurricular profile and the schools in which you’re interested. Your personal specialist will help you with branding, essays, and interviews, and provide you with support and guidance in all other aspects of the application process.

Delta Airlines Case Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Delta Airlines Case Analysis - Research Paper Example The company has alliance partners that enable it to provide greater connectivity to its customers. In addition to the legacy model the company also has a subsidiary named Delta Express which is the low cost model of the airline company. The company has a large fleet at its service numbering about 700 aircrafts that includes small planes to jumbo jets for long haul flights (Delta Airlines, 2011). Products Delta Air has a service portfolio that provides air travel facility to customers. The service portfolio of the company is comprised mainly of a full time legacy carrier model as well as a low cost model. The bulk of business is focused towards the legacy carrier that provides air connectivity not only in the domestic market in USA but also to a large number of nations abroad. The company also has alliance partnerships with leading alliances that helps increase the connectivity. In addition the company also has a hub and spoke model and a code share agreement to broaden its area of se rvice offering. Customer Satisfaction Customers form the main area of focus for the strategists at the organization. Every effort is being made to ensure the full satisfaction of the customer. The customers are provided with wide range of facilities that includes on board entertainment, food etc. Customers also have the option of web check in and internet bookings. The company also has loyalty points for frequent travellers. Due to its dedicated efforts towards customer satisfaction the company was ranked 1st in the Fortune’s list of most favoured airlines (Delta Airlines-a, 2011). Internal Environment Analysis SWOT Analysis SWOT is an acronym for Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats. The following section would analyse the strengths, weakness opportunities and threats faced by the airline. Strengths The main area of strength for Delta Airlines arises from its strong brand image and a formidable market position in the US market. The airline has a very large network helping it connect with a large number of both domestic as well as international destinations. The hub and spoke model of the airline also contributes to its success story. The existing hubs at Atlanta and New York provide competitive advantage to the organization (Datamonitor, 2007, p.24). Weakness The major weaknesses in the firm arise from the dip in demand for the services due to the ongoing effects of the financial crisis. The company also faces issues with regard to low yield of passengers and dip in cargo volume business. In addition to this high cost of fuel and labour also serve to generate considerable weakness on the business prospects of the organization (Datamonitor, 2007, p.24). Opportunities Opportunities for Delta Air mainly arise from the high growth of passenger traffic mainly in the Asia Pacific region and Latin America. In addition to this growth of cargo over the pacific has also improved showing good opportunities for the organization (Datamonitor, 2007, p.24). Opportunities for the organization also arise from the fact that the markets across US and

Economic Analysis-India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economic Analysis-India - Essay Example Security is one factor that affects trade and business across the world. India, being a democracy with a stable government and political system, has an environment suitable for conducting every kind of legal business – the fashion industry being no exception. Nationals in this country therefore retain the right of choice and are not restricted from selling or wearing any type, kind or brand of decent clothing. Further, the country’s security is generally above board with cases of insecurity both in towns and rural areas remaining significantly low. This stable condition has seen businesses across the country actively grow with economic factors of demand and supply playing significant roles in trade. India is known to be a major producer and exporter of agricultural products including jute, sheep, goats, sugarcane, potatoes; oilseed, cotton, tea, rice, water buffalo, poultry; fish, cattle, and wheat. The country further thrives on handicrafts, and numerous modern service and production industries which provide income to the majority of working citizens. Also, economically, the country ranks fifth by purchasing power and twelfth by exchange rate compared to the rest of the world. This being the condition, it is notable that food as a basic need is quite affordable to the majority of India’s nationals and the cost of living is generally low. As a result, most citizens are able to purchase part of their income to purchase decent clothing for themselves. Energy is a major factor that affects business. India has the capacity to produce enough electricity and oil products for export. In fact, India’s electricity sector and infrastructural industries have always experienced reasonable growth which significantly impacts trade in all sectors of the economy. This means could be taken to imply that the energy needed for

War In A Time of Peace Bush, Clinton, and the Generals Essay Example for Free

War In A Time of Peace Bush, Clinton, and the Generals Essay David Halberstam who is considered to be one of Pulitzers Prizewinning journalist write the sequel of â€Å"The Best and the Brightest† entitled â€Å"War In A Time of Peace Bush, Clinton, and the Generals. † In this great book he tries to evoke the internal conflicts, power struggles and unchecked ego within the White House, the military and the state department. He also shows here how the decisions of men who served in Vietnam War and even those who did not have shaped Americas role in global events. He provides the influential and fascinating power of Clinton, Bush, Reagan, Kissinger, Baker, Cheney, Albright and others to reveal a stunning view of modern politics in America and policy. Beginning with the Persian Gulf War, the author tries to discuss political shifts by emphasizing foreign to domestic issues which ushered Clintons administration. Despite the fact that Clinton, along with much of the country preferred to focus on the home front, America nonetheless found itself in conflict in Haiti, Somalia and the Balkans this events reflected American discomforts with the use of military forces abroad and at the same time acknowledging that majority of the world is dependent on the United States for guidance and support. Halberstam also noted the irony of the Gulf war since it was the time where lesser-known players who contributed to the picture were not overlooked. And the wrong branch of the service and the wrong military leaders were celebrated at its conclusion. He points out that President Bush got little electoral bounce from that first high tech, low casualty victory and that this was a lesson that Clinton never forgot. Then the author shifts to the conflict in Bosnia which\ch is a different kind. That war he says tested the United States commitment to moral goals in it foreign policy rather than simply to considerations of national security. Bosnia created a new political constituency in America on e that is â€Å"driven by a memory that connected these events to the atrocities of the Mazis and therefore demanded that other nations ask themselves what their larger purpose was. † War In A Time of Peace 2 Halberstam also noted. Reviewing the last pages of the book, the author gave his point of view in taking a glimpse of the future and the September 11, 2001 World trade center tragedy. The author tries to speculate and give a notion of wrong idea at the wrong time he notes that intelligence analysts believe â€Å"the threats to an open society like America comes form terrorist, rather than the military power of rogue states† which themselves present an exceptional target. Events and personalities clashed in this extraordinary book. The author masters the presentation of well-rounded portraits and in telling the anecdotes of the personalities that created United states policies over the past decades. It was really a historical book full of niche from the author that he himself had carved it is a luxurious product of about four to five years of research wherein any journalists or other people from all walks of life can be indulged and enjoy reading it. It gives a clear portrait of the emerging united States in its full and vivid human detail. War in a Time of Peace is really an interesting case for Americans. If they want to learn from the past decade, they should. If they want to think about the future they must. This is a guiding book for them to read so as to avoid conflicting ideas about politics and policy, leaders ad laws. And how it feels good to live in a strong and influential country like America. Reference David Halberstam, David, (2002). War In A Time of Peace Bush, Clinton, and the Generals.

Whitman :: essays research papers

Very few people will contest that Walt Whitman may be one of the most important and influential writers in American literary history and conceivably the single most influential poet. However many have claimed that Whitman’s writing is so free form as evident in his 1855 Preface to Leaves of Grass and Song of Myself that it has no style. The poetic structures he employs are unconventional but reflect his very democratic ideals towards America. Although Whitman’s writing does not include a structure that can be easily outlined, masterfully his writing conforms itself to no style, other then its own universal and unrestricted technique. Even though Whitman’s work does not lend itself to the conventional form of poetry in the way his contemporaries such as Longfellow and Whittier do, it holds a deliberate structure, despite its sprawling style of free association.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When people say Whitman has no style, they are making a statement about his adherence to conventional standards of poetic form. Style, though, is something completely personal, not conventional. Whitman dared to go outside the conventional boundaries of poetic expression because he seldom followed the standards in rhyme, meter, and stanza form. However, hasn’t every great poet changed the rules governing the creation of great art in some way or another? Without a doubt they have, that defines them as great poets and gives them style. Whitman’s greatness lies in his divergence from the norm, his individuality, not his strict adherence to the arbitrary rules of his predecessors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Whitman’s approach to poetry is a reflection of his thought. These thoughts are free and wild, and his typical run-on sentences and his endless litanies of people and places represent the thoughts trying to be conveyed. The overall effect of these run-on sentences provides the reader with a feeling of greatness and of freedom. All of the feelings that are evoked from Whitman’s style can be classified as quintessentially American democratic feelings. The belief that Whitman had no style would imply that Americans as a society have no style, a statement that not only Whitman but Emerson and Thoreau as well fought against through their writings. Whitman and Emerson fighting for the same cause is not coincidental, Whitman has often been viewed as the â€Å"child† of Emerson, his work being greatly influenced by Emerson. Whitman’s technique of looking at everything as a whole and always opposed to breaking up the whole can be linked to his b elief of unity within our country and the reason why he took the Civil War extremely hard and personal.

Chapter 8 Solve This Problem Essay

Choose from the list of problem scenarios below. Using the steps involved in problem solving that were discussed in this chapter, describe how you would go about solving this problem. 1. Mrs. Smith’s daycare provider is closing in four weeks. Both Mr. and Mrs. Smith work full-time during the day and need daycare for their child. They have only a short period of time, however, to find a new, safe, reliable daycare provider. : I would start looking or asking people where they take their children and maybe take a look at thier daycare and see how it works out for me. Also if I didn’t find a daycare within the short time of period I would quit my job for that short time that daycare is close and look after my children/ child until the daycare re-opens up again. 2. Tim is planning a summer vacation for his family of five to Disney World in Florida. He lives in Pennsylvania and is trying to figure out whether it could be more cost effective to drive to Florida or to fly there .: I think flying and driving to florida would be less cost effective but at the same time I’m thinking flying would be the less cost effective because you can buy 5 round trips: one that takes you and brings you back with one airplane ticket. Because if you drive you’d have to stop for gas and food for the road-trip and it would cost more. 3. Sarah has a 20-page paper due in six weeks and has not yet started to work on it. She is feeling overwhelmed, because she works a full-time job during the day and has three children at home in the evening. She knows she should started working soon on the paper but is not sure where to begin.: Between the children and the job and I’d start working on it little by little on my free times I have and if I finish before the six weeks I would revise it and made it better. 4. Mr. Jones’s parents are growing older and are finding that they can no longer live in their big three-bedroom house. They want to sell their home and move to either a smaller house, a retirement community, or an assisted-living facility. Mr. and Mrs. Jones said they would help his parents find an appropriate place to live but are not sure where to begin. I would look at my budget and start narrowing down the houses that are out of my range. Also I would look at rooms the house has and look at the neighbor until I find the house that has 1-2 rooms and is between my budget and also  the neighbhood. 5. Sally found out through a friend that her current boyfriend has been cheating on her with another woman. She is very distraught and is not sure what to do about the situation. :I would talk to him and if he lied I would of break-up and move on with my life, but also I would need to have proof if he was cheating or hire a detective to follow him to all the places he went to. Because sometimes friends lie to see you down, and sad and maybe their the other woman that your boyfriend is seeing. Activity Handout 7.2 How Do You Think This Invention Came About? Think of an invention such as television, the electric razor, the toaster, or the blender and describe how you think this invention came about. Discuss the various steps involved in creative thinking that were outlined in this chapter. Originality- seeing unique or different solutions to a problem (After noting that electricity passing through a conductor produces a glowing red or white heat, Edison imagined using this light for pratical uses. ) Fluency- Generating a large numbers pf possible solutions (Edison tried literally hundreds of different materials to find one that would heat to the point of glowing white heat without burning up.) Flexibility- Shifting with ease from one type of problem-solving strategy to another (When he couldn’t find a long-lasting material Edison tried heating it in a vaccum- thereby creating the first lightbulb.) Activity Handout 7.3 Which Type of Intelligence Is It? Read through the scenarios below and identify what type of intelligence—analytical, creative, practical, verbal, mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, or naturalist—you think the individual has. 1. John spent years trying to come up with a solution to how to water a Christmas tree without having to do it himself every day. Type of Intelligence: Naturalistic 2. Susan has always been interested in building things. At a young age, she built model airplanes with great enthusiasm. She went to college and graduate school and earned a degree in architecture. She is now the CEO of her own architectural firm. Type of Intelligence: Spatial 3. Jim started taking ballroom dancing classes as a child. He became the Younger U.S. Champion at age 12, has continued dancing, and is now competing for the World Champion title. BopType of Intelligence: Bodily/Kinesthetic 4. Lee Ann Rimes earned her first Academy of Country Music Award at the young age of 12. She has sold millions of albums and continues to hit the charts with top-selling records. Type of Intelligence: Musical 5. Cecil wrote his first novel at the age of 16 and, just recently, his third novel made the New York Times best-seller list. Type of Intelligence: Linguistic 6. Jane has always loved working through math problems and excelled in her math classes. She can work through sudoku puzzles in little time and finds math very challenging. She is the senior accountant at her accounting firm. Type of Intelligence: Logic/Mathematical 7. Jeremy has always had a green thumb. He grew up on a tree farm and learned at a young age about plants and flowers. He went on to earn a graduate degree in the agricultural sciences and recently found a way to cross-pollinate watermelons with cantaloupes to make a delicious new fruit. Type of Intelligence: Naturalist Activity Handout 7.4 The Structure of Language List five examples of structures of language. Use the various language structures discussed in this chapter. Prelinguistic Stage – Birth to 12 months Crying ( reflexive in newborns) becomes more purposeful Examples: Hunger Cry, anger cry, pain cry Cooing (vowel-like sounds) (2-3 months) â€Å"ooooh,† â€Å"aaaah† Babbling (consonants added) (4-6 months) â€Å"bahbahbah,† â€Å"dahdahdah† Linguistic Stage – 12 months to 5 years Babbling resembles language of the environment, and child understands sounds relate to meaning Speech consists of one-word utterances – â€Å"Mama,† â€Å"juice,† â€Å"Daddy,† â€Å"up† Expressive ability more than doubles once child joins words into short places – â€Å"Daddy milk,† â€Å"no night-night!† Overtension(using words to include objects that do not fit the word’s meaning) – all men = â€Å"Daddy† all furry animals = doggy Telegraphic speech(like telegrams, omits nonessential connecting words) – â€Å"Me want cookie† â€Å"Grandma go bye-bye?† Vocabulary increases at a phenomenal rate.  Child acquires wide variety of grammar rules – adding -ed for past tense adding s to form plurals Overgeneralization(applying basic rules of grammar even to cases that are exceptions to the rule) – â€Å"I goed to the zoo† † Two mans†

Vark Questionnaire Paper

VARK is a questionnaireâ€Å"VARK† is a questionnaire of about 16 questions that provides people with their preference of learning style. The learning styles that VARK offers can help people develop additional and effective strategies for learning and for making your communication skills better. The styles that this questionnaire determines are Visual, Aural, Read/Write, Kinesthetic, or you can be multimodal which means you have a multiple learning preference. In this paper I will summarize the results received after taking the questionnaire and the other learning styles.After taking the questionnaire it was learned that some individuals, such as this author are multimodal learners. What multimodal means is you have multiple preferences. Majority of the population fits into this category. The results after this author took the questionnaire showed a preference of a visual and kinesthetic learner. As visual learner VARK says that the learners want the whole picture therefore th ey are most likely holistic rather than reductionist in their approach. Visual learners prefer something because of the way it looks, the layout of it and the presentation catches their eye.When explaining something the learner/teacher is most likely to draw it out so they can visualize it. As a Kinesthetic learner VARK suggest that the learner uses all their senses; sight, touch, hearing, etc. Kinesthetic learners like hands on, trial and error. Relating things to real life experiences can help absorb the information. Using pictures can also help to remember the information. When taking notes kinesthetic learners should take notes that are relevant and concrete, reducing notes for every three pages to one page, and use color such as highlighting important information.Other learning styles that VARK include are Aural; meaning you would rather have things explained to. Information is better obtained when aural learners discuss is with others and hear it repeated instead of reading it from their notes. When aural learners teach or discuss something with others, they are practically teaching themselves because discussing it helps to better learn and retain it. The last learning style that VARK offers is read/write learning style. You prefer to write things down and receive handouts on new material.The library is a preferred area of study, and choice when gathering information on a topic. After completing the VARK questionnaire this author feels that the results were pretty accurate. She feels that she learns best when applying areas of study to real life experience and to personal experiences. She also finds herself writing many things down, high lighting, and drawing out things when trying to remember something. This author took another survey on another website to see what the preferred learning style showed.After completion it showed this author is a visual and tactile/kinesthetic learner, which matched the VARK results. In the future there are a few things th is author needs to work on to improve her study habits. Although this writer has in the past used the learning styles previously mentioned, she may have not been using them correctly. Why highlighting can help to pinpoint the main idea or important information, there is a thing as highlighting too much. This author needs to be able to determine what is pertinent and when something is not as important.In the past she has highlighted too much information, and perhaps has highlighted the same information twice. Also note taking so be minimized, and not writing everything down, which she has done in the past. In conclusion after taking the two different questionnaires they showed the same results. Both results revealed that this author is a visual learner as well as a tactile/kinesthetic learner. This author feels these results show how she has studied in the past. This author likes to try things out when learning new material and enjoys having people demonstrate what is being taught.Du ring nursing school this author learned best by the demonstrations in skills and clinical and then being able to perform the hands on task. These questionnaires are good guidelines to get a student headed in the right direction and to help them improve their study habits.ReferencesFleming, N. (n. d. ). a guide to learning styles. In VARK . Retrieved October 21, 2012, from http://www. vark-learn. com/english/page. asp? p=questionnaire Conner, M. (n. d. ). What is Your Learning Style?. In Marcia Conner Business Culture, Collaboration, and Learning.Retrieved October 21, 2012, from http://marciaconner. com/assess/learningstyle/ The VARK Questionnaire ResultsYour scores were:†¢Visual: 13†¢Aural: 1†¢Read/Write: 4†¢Kinesthetic: 13You can find more information about your learning preferences in our downloadable book: How Do I Learn Best? a student's guide to improved learning More Information†¦ You have a multimodal (VK) learning preference. Use the following helpsh eets for study strategies that apply to your learning preferences: multimodal visual kinesthetic.Personal Learning Profile Report The VARK questionnaire provides four scores and the various combinations of those scores are huge in number. You can order a report based on your specialized profile. Every attempt is made to personalize the report so that it addresses the meanings from your learning preferences in a unique way. You will receive a report personalised to your VARK scores, as a PDF file, immediately after purchasing. More Information Example Report Purchase

Essay Sample on Fast Food Is This Safe and Nutritious

Essay Sample on Fast Food Is This Safe and Nutritious Fast Foods: Are They Safe and Nutritious? They are mushrooming everywhere: in the makeshift trolleys outside the high rise buildings at Nariman Point in Mumbai, at the concentric circles that is Connaught Place in Delhi, or even at the stalls coupling the schools and colleges, the supermarkets and cinema houses in Chennai; these fast food joints to have come to rule as our favourite places to eat. When everything moves at a brisk pace, when men, women and even children are always running short of time, this situation is quite understandable. A plate of steaming hot pav-bhaji or a samosa during lunch hour is  of course delicious and convenient. But then, are we aware that there is a price to be paid for today’s rapid life eating? For one, we consume these fast foods often as a substitute for a lunch or dinner instead of one as a snack in between. Do they provide the necessary balance in calories that we need? For example, a plate of pav-bhaji does supply adequate calories. But these calories are are derived only from the fats coming from the butter and the carbohydrates that spring from the bread served with this tasty dish. In contrast, those that we benefit from a full course meal of fish, dal, rice, chappaties and vegetables come in the right proportion from proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Again, a number of fast foods lack in diet fibre so essential for flushing the waste from our bodies. There is another danger that comes to mind: the vegetables used to make pav-bhaji or the tomatoes in pizza are cooked hours before, and are heated again and again before serving. By doing so, their precious vitamin content is lost to a good extent. Vitamins B complex and C are very sensitive to high temperatures. Furthermore, most fast foods contain a variety of spices and excess salt that when consumed regularly can lead to many gastro-intestinal disorders. Finally, many of our fast foods such as bhelpuri and samosa are served with a number of chutneys. These are often prepared under unhygenic conditions. Today many of our children live on vegetable puffs and crispis. Thats the pity. If you need custom essays, research papers, thesis, dissertations or term papers on Health, Medicine or other discipline feel free to contact our professional custom writing service.

Google Stock Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Google Stock - Term Paper Example The Google search engine uses PageRank, Algortihms, Link Measurement, and Profiling as part of its objective to deliver the most accurate and most relevant results to the searcher. Google also offers a very successful email product called Gmail. Gmail is unique in that it allows the email account holder much more free space (7GB) than the average free email client. In my experience, Gmail is an exceptional email client as it provides many more services than the standard email. Google Maps is another successful application in that it is not just an average web mapping system. This advanced mapping system offers satellite imagery of most urban cities in the US and around the world. It also can be integrated with many mobile phones, which allows for a GPS mapping system directly on the phone. These features allow its users to find information and easily share it to anyone in the world. With the amount of traffic Google receives on a daily basis, Google has to have some kind of strategy to generate its revenue. One of Google's main sources of revenue is advertising. In 2007, advertising accounted for 99% of Google's revenues. Google implements two main advertising products which are AdSense and AdWords. AdWords is Google's flagship advertising product and main source of revenue ($16.4 billion in 2007). AdWords offers pay-per-click advertising, and site-targeted advertising for both text and banner ads. The AdWords program includes local, national, and international distribution. Section 3: The macroeconomics Google competes to attract and retain relationships with users, advertisers and Google Network members and other content providers in different strategies. Google competes to attract and retain users of its search and communication products and services. Most of the products and services that Google offer to users are free, so they do not compete on price. Instead, they compete in this area on the basis of the relevance and usefulness of their search results and the features, availability and ease of use of their products and services. Google has been an outstanding company in the marketplace ever since its inception and it continues to be and deliver exceptional service to the global market. The move into public ownership brought about more benefits to its employees as well as present and future shareholders. The founders of Google felt that the standard structure of public ownership might jeopardize the independence and focused objectivity that has been apart of Google's past succe ss. Google's leadership team wanted to preserve this aspect of the organization, so they implemented a corporate structure that is designed to protect Google's ability to introduce and retain its most distinctive characteristics. In 2007 and 2008, cash from Google's financing activities totaled $403.1 million and $87.6 million (Google Inc. 2009). Cash from financing activities is cash flow that takes place between organizations and stockholders and includes loans from bondholders and other creditors (Financial Education 2007). According to Google's numbers, the company is under no risk since the company does not rely solely on outside sources to generate its cash flow. Cash flow from Google's investing activities negatively increased in 2008 as it

What caused the surge in oil price during the period 2000-2005 Essay

What caused the surge in oil price during the period 2000-2005 - Essay Example This projection is mainly attributed to the changes in demand and supply by the non-OPEC and OPEC members. The oil price surge is a major economic issue as it slows down global economic recovery. This paper highlights the major issues that are behind the oil price surge during the 2000 – 2005 periods. In this essay we seek to address the question of the effects of additions to OPEC capacities and economic activities on oil prices (mostly in the future) and why oil prices are literally depend on the OPEC’s ability to maintain control over the marginal supplies of oil. Global oil demand had a slow increase in the year 2000 – 2005 periods than it did in the last five years. Each time when the demand growth accelerates annually, the prices are always seen to rise and vice versa. The yearly rate of demand growth has changed markedly over the last few years with this kind of growth dipping into a low of just about half a percent in the year 2001 and a then having a sha rp rise through 2004. During the year 2004, the oil demand had surged by 4% and this was the fastest rate since 1977. In the year 2005, the demand growth fell callously although its growth rate was maintained above 1%. A significant part of this growth was contributed by China and most of the rest of the developing Asia (Menecon Ltd. 2006, p1). The United States and other non-Asian developing countries accounted for the bigger share of the volume increase in demand during the 2000 – 2005 periods. With the supply capacity going high in the recent years, the rise in demand has squeezed spare capacity in pushing up prices. Causes of Oil Surge during the 2000 – 2005 Period During 2000 – 2005 period great oil surges was experienced, the possible causes of this surge in oil prices include: supply, monetary inflation and the value of the US dollar, demand and investment demand. Supply Lower supply of oil is considered to be a main lasting fundamental cause of the risin g prices during the period 2000 – 2005. The intermittent supply contributed majorly on the surges in oil prices and therefore, the oil price crises. Monetary Inflation and the Value of the US Dollar Price inflation develops from monetary increase and other economic policies. Wobbly monetary policy attained from the Federal Reserve and other central banks is listed as one of the major contributor to the increase in the oil prices. It therefore forms the main cause in the dollar devaluation and commodity speculation characteristic with changes in oil prices. The value of the US dollar also had some impact on the oil prices as oil is normally quoted and traded in US dollars. This means that the value of the dollar determines the rise or fall in the oil prices. Demand High demand for oil is also one of the main causes of the surge in the oil prices. The demand for the crude oil was seen to be growing at an average of 1.76% per year. This effective growth (in percentage) was recor ded from the year 1994 to 2006. Still, during this period (1994 to 2006), a higher rise of 3.4% was experienced in the year 2003 to 2004. As the demand for oil is on a high rise all over the world an increase in demand of 37% is expected by 2030 hence the demand for oil is projected to have an increase. Normally, increase in oil prices reflects on the global demand rise for oil. Prices usually affect the demand as the relationship between them is considered to be not a way street. If the demand gets a certain shift a direct impact on the oil prices will take place; when the oil prices get affected thy in general will lead to a (United Nations staff 2005, p6). Investment Demand Invest demand is also one of major issues to the surge in oil during the 2000 - 2005 period. Investment demand usually occurs when investors pay for future

The Notion of Type and its Importance in the 20th Century Essay

The Notion of Type and its Importance in the 20th Century - Essay Example Deutscher Werkbund was established in 1907 by Hermann Muthesius and Friendrich Naumann in order to consolidate art and industry . The debates surrounding Werkbund focused on Muthesius' concept of â€Å"Typisierung†. According to Muthesius, mass production denoted standardization; however, he combined the economic concept of standardization with Platonic ideal types. Muthesius' ideas were heavily criticized by a number of artists and architects. The debate between him and Van de Velde was not about mechanization, but on the role of the artist. Whereas Muthesius asserted that the artist was separated and abstracted from the production process, Van de Velde advocated the artistic freedom and creativity . Muthesius and Werkbund did not care much about the Fordist aspects of the mass production, rather they tried to bring organization to the otherwise chaotic world of the mass production ruled by fashion, individualism and arbitrariness. Peter Behrens' designs for AEG, which were c alled Types, epitomized the various tendencies within the Werkbund. Behrens's workplace in Berlin has become an atelier for many young architects including Walter Gropius, Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, who would shape the Modern Movement. They learned architecture directly from Behrens. As Curtis noted Le Corbusier practicality and idealism was enhanced through his work for Peter Behrens, who saw mechanization as a vital force in creation of the modern culture.5 Figure 1, Peter Behrens, Types, AEG, 1912. The Werkbund's approach was influential until the end of World War I. However, later on, both Gropius and Le Corbusier abandoned the theoretical approaches of the Werkbund. Before 1914, debates were focused on the design of commodities. After 1920, the architectural issues have increasingly become the focus. Adolf Loos holds a special place in the history of modern architecture, not just as a pioneering figure of the Modern movement, but also as a critic of the Werkebund. In his influential article â€Å"Ornament and Crime† (1908) he argued that elimination of ornaments from the useful objects was beneficial to culture â€Å"reducing the time spent on manual labour and releasing energy for the life of the mind†6. This article can be regarded as an attack to the Werkebund in a sense that it was unacceptable for Loos to give the artist a form-giving role7. He did not believe that the artist is the creator of everyday useful objects8.According to him, style was the outcome of several economic and cultural conditions. Hence he also criticized Muthesius on the ground that he substituted form for ornament9. As Kenneth Frampton indicated , for Loos â€Å"all culture depended on a certain continuity with the past; above all, on a consensus as to a

Network operating systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Network operating systems - Essay Example Novell was licensing Novell Directory Services to all comers, the idea being to seed the market and make NDS a de facto standard that will increase demand for Novell's directory-enabled applications. While these licensing deals didn't expected to produce much revenue at this point, that might change down the road if third parties start including NDS in products instead of building their own directories. As Robert Harbison says, "That's where Microsoft is really great. Microsoft shipped NT 4.0 with a sampler CD full of third-party applications from its ISVs. Novell has to do a lot more to help promote NDS applications." Distinguishing feature of Novell's approach to network operating systems is understanding of importance of middleware technologies, for example NDS' unparalleled cross-platform support is particularly appealing to Tivoli. "Microsoft has traditionally misunderstood the importance of certain middleware technologies and how important it is for them to be cross-platform in nature," says Tom Bishop. "Active Directory is fine for pure NT shops, but Novell's NDS strategy has some real appeal in the more heterogeneous environments that we target." It is mentioned by Breidenbach that NDS is now available on Hewlett-Packard's HP-UX, IBM's AIX, Caldera's Linux and The Santa Cruz Operation's Unix, Sun Solaris and IBM's S/390. NT is already supported by NDS, but only in environments with at least one NetWare server. A version of NDS that runs directly on NT without NetWare was due out in summer of 1999; it would enable users to build pure NT networks but still employ NDS. This approach of Novell differs a lot from Microsoft's Active Directory Technology that is available only for Windows platform. As a result, Novell's NDS can be implemented on various operating systems but do not help to promote Novell's operating system Novell Netware, while software products of Microsoft run only in Microsoft Windows environment. Another distinguishing feature of Novell's approach to network operating systems is collaboration with switch vendors. As Breidenbach writes, part of Novell's strategy for boosting NDS' role in enterprise nets is getting switch vendors on board. The company has been scoring big with the likes of Lucent, Nortel Networks and Cisco announcing varying degrees of support for NDS. At the same time Microsoft do not work with switch vendors so close. 2 Given all this good technical stuff, why is Novell close to bankruptcy and Microsoft Networks are taking over the planet I think that the main reason of Novell's difficult financial situation is thoughtless marketing strategy. It was a mistake trying to enter desktop operating systems market. Failure in this attempt had caused loss of trust of many potential customers. Breidenbach writes about this in the article. "Novell was on top and got dethroned," says high-tech marketing guru Geoffrey Moore. "When that happens, the market is extremely reluctant to reenfranchise such a company, even if it has the best product." "And the number of ISVs is meaningless," Moore adds. "The issue is what the power players are doing. Cisco and Microsoft have the strongest positions, so a solution that doesn't have their endorsement isn't likely to get very

Theory of Heteronuclear NMR Spectroscopy and its Application

Theory of Heteronuclear NMR Spectroscopy and its Application SYED MASOOD HASSAN AKBARI Question 1: Describe theory of heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and its use in pharmaceutical analysis. Current strategies for determining the structures of membrane proteins in lipid environments by NMR spectroscopy rely on the anisotropy of nuclear spin interactions, which are experimentally accessible through experiments performed on weakly and completely aligned samples. Importantly, the anisotropy of nuclear spin interactions results in a mapping of structure to the resonance frequencies and splatting’s observed in NMR spectra. Distinctive wheel-like patterns are observed in two-dimensional 1H–15N heteronuclear dipolar/15N chemical shift PISEMA (polarization inversion spin-exchange at the magic angle) spectra of helical membrane proteins in highly aligned lipid bilayer samples (Marassi and Opella, 2000; Wang et al., 2000). One dimensional dipolar waves are an extension of two-dimensional PISA (polarity index slant angle) wheels that map protein structures in NMR spectra of both weakly and completely aligned samples (Marassi and Opella, 2000). Dipolar waves describe t he periodic wave-like variations of the magnitudes of the heteronuclear dipolar couplings as a function of residue number in the absence of chemical shift effects. Since weakly aligned samples of proteins display these same effects, primarily as residual dipolar couplings, in solution NMR spectra, this represents a convergence of solid-state and solution NMR approaches to structure determination (Marassi and Opella, 2000). NMR structural studies of proteins There are three principal spectroscopic considerations for NMR structural studies of proteins: the overall rotational correlation time of the protein, the extent of alignment of the protein in the sample, and the strategy for assignment of the resonances to sites in the protein. Each of these considerations needs to be taken into account in the development of NMR for structural studies of membrane proteins (Opella, 1997). For relatively small globular proteins, the sample conditions, instrumentation, experiments, and calculations that lead to structure determination are well established (Cavanagh et al., 1996). The chief requirement for structure determination of globular proteins is that samples can be prepared of isotopically labelled polypeptides that are folded in their native conformation and reorient relatively rapidly in solution. Such samples have been prepared for many hundreds of proteins, and it is likely that this can be done for thousands more of the polypeptide sequence s found in genomes (Wuthrich, 1998). This is not yet the case for membrane proteins. Resonance assignments The traditional approach to protein structure determination is based on the same overall principles, whether solution NMR or solid-state NMR methods are used and whether the sample is aligned or not. This involves the resolution of resonances through the use of isotopic labels and multidimensional NMR experiments, the measurement of spectral parameters associated with individual resonances, for example, NOEs, J couplings, dipolar couplings, or chemical shift frequencies, the assignment of all resonance to specific sites in the protein, and then the calculation of structures. There are examples of the application of this approach to membrane proteins in micelles (Almeida and Opella, 1997) and bilayers (Opella et al., 1999). The availability of orientation information associated with individual resonances means that it is now possible to make effective use of limited amounts of assignment information, for example, some residue-type assignments or a few sequential assignments. It may al so be feasible to implement an â€Å"assignment-free† approach. The use of either limited or no assignment information prior to calculating structures would greatly speed the process of structure determination by NMR spectroscopy, especially in the case of membrane proteins where assignments are difficult to make in nearly all situations due to overlap of resonances and unfavourable relaxation parameters. Dipole–dipole interaction The local field, which results from the interaction between two nearby nuclei, is a direct source of structural information. Pake’s (1948) seminal paper demonstrated that the dipole–dipole interaction between two spin S = 1/2 nuclei is manifested as a doublet in NMR spectra, with the frequency difference a function of not only the distance between the two nuclei but also the angle between the internuclear vector and the direction of the applied magnetic field. The dipole–dipole interaction provides direct access to geometrical parameters that can be translated into molecular structures. Moreover, it is important for many aspects of solid-state NMR spectroscopy; for example, it is essential to minimize its influence through decoupling to obtain well-resolved spectra. In this regard, it is generally easier to deal with heteronuclear rather than homonuclear dipolar couplings. Heteronuclear dipolar couplings are used extensively to determine the structures of protein s, in particular the 1H–15N interaction at the amide sites in the protein backbone. Uniform labelling with 15N is particularly valuable in proteins because the properties of a â€Å"dilute spin† are retained, since the next nearest amide nitrogen is separated by two carbon atoms in the polypeptide backbone (Cross et al., 1982). In addition, each 15N label in an amide site provides three spin interactions for analysis: the 15N chemical shift, the 1H chemical shift, and, of course, the 1H–15N heteronuclear dipolar coupling between the two directly bonded nuclei. The dipole–dipole interaction is anisotropic; therefore, the value of the splitting varies with molecular orientation. It is maximal for an N–H bond parallel to the field, half-maximal when the bond is perpendicular to the field, and zero when the bond is at the â€Å"magic angle†. All of these possibilities are observed in experimental data from aligned proteins. The 1H–15N het eronuclear dipolar interaction has the dual roles of providing a mechanism for resolving among resonances with N–H bonds at different orientations and of providing the input for structure determination in the form of frequency measurements that can be translated into angles between individual bonds and the external axis imposed by the magnetic field. The angular information can then be used in conjunction with the well-established geometry of peptide planes to determine the three-dimensional structure of the polypeptide backbone (Opella et al., 1987). These methods can be extended to additional nitrogen and carbon sites for characterization of side chain conformations. Separated local field spectroscopy (Waugh 1976) combines several of the elements of high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy to average out the unwanted broadening influences of homonuclear dipolar couplings and double resonance and multidimensional spectroscopy to average out and separate the heteronuclear dipolar couplings in different parts of the experiment. The chemical shift dimension in two-dimensional separated local field spectra is intrinsically high resolution because it is obtained while decoupling the hydrogens to remove the broadening due to heteronuclear dipolar couplings. Homonuclear dipolar couplings are minimal among the dilute nuclei and generally do not require attention. This enables the dipolar couplings between bonded pairs of 1H and 15N nuclei to be measured for individual 15N sites with different chemical shift frequencies. The original versions of separated local field spectroscopy have more than adequate resolution for studies of peptides or specifically or selectively labelled proteins. However, further improvements in resolution were needed for studies of uniformly 15N labelled proteins. PISEMA (polarization inversion spin-exchange at the magic angle) (Wu et al., 1994) is a high-resolution version of separated local field spectroscopy. Line widths in the key dipolar frequency dimension are reduced by more than one order of magnitude compared with the conventional separated local field experiment. The combination of narrow lines and favourable scaling factor has such a dramatic effect on the appearance of the spectra that it is now feasible to formulate solid-state NMR experiments where heteronuclear dipolar coupling frequencies complement chemical shifts as a mechanism for spectroscopic resolution as well as the measurement of readily interpretable orientationally dependent frequencies. PISA (polarity index slant angle) wheels The secondary structure and topology of a membrane protein can be described by the patterns of resonances observed in two-dimensional PISEMA spectra of uniformly 15N labelled polypeptides in aligned bilayers (Marassi and Opella, 2000; Wang et al., 2000). The characteristic â€Å"wheel-like† patterns observed in these spectra reflect helical wheel projections of residues in both transmembrane and in-plane helices. Therefore, PISA wheels provide direct indices of both secondary structure and topology. The resonance frequencies in both the 1H–15N heteronuclear dipolar and 15N chemical shift dimensions in PISEMA spectra of aligned samples of membrane proteins depend on helix orientation as well as on backbone dihedral angles, the magnitudes and orientations of the principal elements of the amide 15N chemical shift tensor, and the N–H bond length. It is possible to calculate spectra for any protein structure (Bak et al., 2002). The principals involved in the PISA whee l analysis of helices (Marassi and Opella, 2000) are illustrated in Fig. 2. In Fig. 2A, the projection down the axis of a helical wheel shows that the 3.6 residues per turn periodicity characteristic of an ÃŽ ±-helix results in an arc of 100 ° between adjacent residues. The drawing of a peptide plane in Fig. 2B shows the orientations of the principal axes of the three operative spin interactions at the 15N-labelled amide site. The 17 ° difference between the N–H bond axis and the ÏÆ'33 principal element of the amide 15N chemical shift tensor is of particular importance because of its impact on the spectral appearance of a PISA wheel. The striking wheel-like pattern of resonances calculated from a two-dimensional PISEMA spectrum of an ideal helix is shown in Fig. 2C. A PISA wheel reflects the slant angle (tilt) of the helix, and the assignment of the resonances reflects the polarity index (rotation) of the helix. When the helix axis is parallel to the bilayer normal, all of the amide sites have an identical orientation relative to the direction of the applied magnetic field, and therefore, all of the resonances overlap with the same dipolar coupling and chemical shift frequencies. Tilting the helix away from the membrane normal results in variations in the orientations of the amide N–H bond vectors relative to the field. This is seen in the spectra as dispersions of both the heteronuclear dipolar coupling and the chemical shift frequencies. Nearly all transmembrane helices are tilted with respect to the bilayer normal, and it is the combination of the tilt and the 17 ° difference between the tensor orientations in the molecular frame that makes it possible to resolve many resonances from residues in otherwise uniform helices and is responsible for the wheel-like pattern in PISEMA spectra, such as that illustrated in Fig. 2C. Figure 1: Illustrates principles of PISA wheels (Marassi and Opella, 2000). (A) Helical wheel showing the 100 ° arc between adjacent residues that is a consequence of the periodicity of 3.6 residues per turn in an ÃŽ ±-helix; (B) orientations of the principal elements of the spin interaction tensors associated with 15N in a peptide bond; (C) PISA wheel for an ideal ÃŽ ±-helix; (D) dipolar wave for an ideal ÃŽ ±-helix. Question 2: Structure Elucidation for C11H15NO.HCl Mw = 213.70 FT-IR Shows a sharp peak at 1690cm-1 which is representative of a C=O functional group. There is a broad peak turning up at the 3500cm-1 representative of a C-H group. 1H NMR Shows a cluster of peaks from 7.62-8.02ppm showing up as 5H. This means that the benzene ring is branched at one location. 5.25ppm shows up as a 1H this is the CH group 2.97-3.03ppm are the 2CH ­Ã‚ ­3 groups bonded to the Nitrogen. 1.64ppm comes up as a doublet with 3H this means that it is a methyl. The strong peak at the 4.80ppm is representative of the amine. 13C NMR The useful information gathered from this spectra is as there are negative peaks showing up so the angle at which this spectra was got was at 1350 clearly showing the CH2 in the ring and the benzene facing down. 196.51ppm shows the negative peak of the benzene ring. 136.69ppm shows the CH2 groups in the benzene ring. The peaks ranging from 128.54-131.90 are of the symmetrical benzene ring carbons. 69.57ppm is the CH3 group close to the ketone. 41.29ppm is the CH group which is beside the ketone. 14.46ppm is the 2 CH3 groups bonded to the amine. EI-MS Shows a small signal at 29 m/z which is representative of a CHO group. And the signal at 72 m/z is representative of a H3CHC=N+(CH ­3)2 ion. Chemical Structure Figure 1: Shows the structure of C11H15NO.HCl. 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Strategy for nitrogen NMR of biopolymers.J. Am. Chem. Soc.1982;104:1759–1761. Griffin RG. Dipolar recoupling in MAS spectra of biological solids.Nat. Struct. Biol. NMR Suppl.1998;II:508–512.[PubMed] Howard KP, Opella SJ. High resolution solid-state NMR spectra of integral membrane proteins reconstituted into magnetically oriented phospholic bilayers.J. Magn. Reson.1996;112:91–94.[PubMed] Ma C, Opella SJ. Lanthanide ions bind specifically to an added â€Å"EF-hand† and orient a membrane protein in micelles for solution NMR spectroscopy.J. Magn. Reson.2000;146:381–384.[PubMed] Marassi FM, Opella SJ. A solid-state NMR index of helical membrane protein structure and topology.J. Magn. Reson.2000;144:150–155.[PMC free article][PubMed] Marassi FM, Ramamoorthy A, Opella SJ. Complete resolution of the solid-state NMR spectrum of a uniformly15N-labeled membrane protein in phospholipid bilayers.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. A.1997;94:8551–8556.[PMC free article][PubMed] McDonnell PA, Opella SJ. Effect of detergent concentration on multidimensional solution NMR spectra of membrane proteins in micelles.J. Magn. Reson.1993;B102:120–125. Mesleh MF, Veglia G, DeSilva TM, Marassi FM, Opella SJ. Dipolar waves as NMR maps of protein structure.J. Am. Chem. Soc.2002;124:4206–4207.[PMC free article][PubMed] Opella SJ. NMR and membrane proteins.Nat. Struct. Biol. NMR Suppl.1997;I:845–848.[PubMed] Opella SJ, Stewart PL, Valentine KG. Structural analysis of solid-state NMR measurement of peptides and proteins.Q. Rev. Biophys.1987;19:7–49.[PubMed] Opella SJ, Marassi FM, Gesell JJ, Valente AP, Kim Y, Oblatt-Montal M, Montal M. Structures of the M2 channel-lining segments from nicotinic acetylcholine and NMDA receptors by NMR spectroscopy.Nat. Struct. Biol.1999;6:374–379.[PMC free article][PubMed] Pake GE. Nuclear resonance absorption in hydrated crystals: fine structure of proton line.J. Chem. Phys.1948;16:327–336. Sanders CR, Hare BJ, Howard K, Prestegard JH. Magnetically-oriented phospholipid micelles as a tool for the study of membrane-associated molecules.Prog. NMR Spectrosc.1993;26:421–444. Veglia G, Opella SJ. Lanthanide ion binding to adventitious sites aligns membrane proteins in micelles for solution NMR spectroscopy.J. Am. Chem. Soc.2000;122:11 733–11 734. Wang J, Denny J, Tian C, Kim S, Mo Y, Kovacs F, Song Z, Nishimura K, Gan Z, Fu R, Quine JR, Cross TA. Imaging membrane protein helical wheels.J. Magn. Reson.2000;144:162–167.[PubMed] Waugh JS. Uncoupling of local field spectra in nuclear magnetic resonance: determination of atomic positions in solids.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. A.1976;78:1894–1897.[PMC free article][PubMed] Wu CH, Ramamoorthy A, Opella SJ. High-resolution heteronuclear dipolae solid-state NMR spectroscopy.J. Magn. Reson.1994;A109:270–272. Wuthrich K. The second decade-into the third millennium.Nat. Struct. Biol. NMR. Suppl.1998;II:492–495.[PubMed]

Shays Rebellion :: American History

Shays Rebellion 1) Shays' Rebellion, the post-Revolutionary clash between New England farmers and merchants that tested the precarious institutions of the new republic, threatened to plunge the "disunited states" into a civil war. The rebellion arose in Massachusetts in 1786, spread to other states, and culminated in an abortive attack on a federal arsenal. It wound down in 1787 with the election of a more popular governor, an economic upswing, and the creation of the Constitution of the United States in Philadelphia. Shay's Rebellion was the first armed uprising of the new nation. It was caused by the absence of debt relief legislation in Massachusetts. When the Revolution ended, merchants and creditors lobbied for high taxes and against paper money. They were successful. These procreditor polices underminded farmers' finances. The legislation, including foreclosure laws, were extremely taxing to farmers and caused many to go into great debt. Many farmers were dragged to court where they faced high legal fees and threats of imprisonment because of their debt. In 1786, farmers in Massachusetts attended extralegal meetings where they protested against high taxes and aggressive eastern creditors. Bands of angry farmers joined together to close law courts with force and freed debtors and fellow protesters from jail. Resistance to the legislation climbed to a full-scale revolt. John Adams, president at the time, answered with the Riot Act, which outlawed illegal assemblies. The rebellion was suppresse d by military force. The rebellion prompted leaders with national perspective to redouble their efforts and create a stronger central government. 2) Economic crisis: high taxes, mounting debt A series of tax revolts by Massachusetts farmers against the Massachusetts legislature in 1786-1787. After the Revolutionary War, the Massachusetts legislature imposed high taxes to pay war debts. Rural farmers could not pay their taxes and faced forfeiture of their farms. Resentment of the taxes increased to the point that the farmers began to break up court sessions to prevent judges from ruling that specific farms should be sold to pay tax bills. These minor acts of rebellion turned violent in January 1787 when Daniel Shays, a farmer and Revolutionary War veteran, led 1200 people into Springfield to seize weapons from a national government arsenal. Massachusetts State military troops quickly put down the rebellion, but the event shocked the nation at the time. Shays' Rebellion hinted that law and order were seriously breaking down across the new United States to the extent that the national government, under the Articles of Confederation, could not even protect its own arsenal.